Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety is a normal response to stress—but when it becomes persistent, overwhelming, or interferes with daily life, it may signal an anxiety disorder. These conditions involve excessive fear, worry, or nervousness and can significantly affect relationships, work, and overall well-being.

When Anxiety Becomes a Disorder

It’s common to feel anxious before major life events like exams, job interviews, or public speaking. However, with an anxiety disorder, the anxiety:

Is more intense than the situation warrants
Occurs frequently or unexpectedly
Disrupts daily life, work, school, or relationships

There are several types of anxiety disorders, including:

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
Specific Phobias

Anxiety Symptoms

Anxiety disorders can cause both emotional and physical symptoms, which vary by individual but often include:

Emotional & Cognitive Symptoms

Excessive worry or fear that’s difficult to control
A sense of doom or impending danger
Irritability or feeling constantly on edge
Trouble concentrating or feeling mentally “blank”
Avoidance of anxiety-triggering situations
Overthinking or expecting the worst-case scenario

Physical Symptoms

Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Excessive sweating
Trembling or shaking
Shortness of breath
Dizziness, headaches, or stomach issues
Fatigue or exhaustion
Difficulty falling or staying asleep

Panic Attacks

Some individuals with anxiety experience panic attacks—intense, sudden episodes of fear that may include:

Chest pain or a racing heart
Trouble breathing
Nausea or dizziness
Feelings of unreality or detachment
Fear of losing control or dying

These episodes can be frightening and are often mistaken for heart attacks.

Aniexty Risk Factors, Treatments & Support

Diagnosis & Risk Factors

Anxiety disorders are diagnosed by licensed mental health professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists, or licensed clinical social workers. To meet diagnostic criteria, symptoms must:

Persist for at least six months
Cause significant distress or functional impairment
Not be caused by a medical condition or substance use

Risk Factors may include:

Family history of anxiety or mental illness
Trauma or adverse childhood experiences
Chronic stress or high-pressure environments
Underlying medical conditions (e.g., thyroid disorders)
Substance use or withdrawal

Treatment & Therapies

Anxiety disorders are highly treatable. A comprehensive plan may include therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Psychotherapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Teaches skills to identify and reframe negative thinking patterns.
Mindfulness & Relaxation: Includes breathing exercises, meditation, and muscle relaxation.
Exposure Therapy: Gradual, guided exposure to fears in a safe environment.
Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT): Encourages acceptance of anxious thoughts while taking purposeful action.

Medication

SSRIs/SNRIs: First-line antidepressants that help balance brain chemicals involved in mood and anxiety.
Benzodiazepines: Fast-acting anxiety relief, used short-term due to potential for dependence.
Beta-blockers & Buspirone: Non-addictive options that target physical symptoms or chronic anxiety

Lifestyle & Support Strategies

Exercise & Nutrition: Regular movement and balanced meals help regulate mood.
Sleep Hygiene: A consistent, healthy sleep routine supports emotional stability.
Support Groups: Connecting with others facing similar struggles can reduce isolation and offer perspective.
Stress Management: Activities like journaling, art, time in nature, and creative outlets can promote calm and clarity.